22. Modernization and dependency/Theories in development Anthropology.19. Biological Theories of Culture and Sociobiology.18. Ecological theories: cultural ecology, system ecology and political ecology.17. Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology.16. Cognitive Anthropology, Ethno Science, Etic Emic, New Ethnography.15. Structuralism: Levi Strauss and Edmund Leach.14. Interactionist Theories and Transactionalism.13. Manchester School: Conflict theories.12. Culture and civilization: Robert Redfield.11. Culture and Personality studies: Spiro, Mary Doughlas, A.10. Culture and Personality studies: Mead, Benedict, Kardiner, Linton, Cora-du-Bois.
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9. Structural- functionalism: Radcliffe Brown.7. Configuration and Pattern – Kroeber and Benedict.6. Historical Particularism: Boas School.2. Foundation of anthropological thoughts.
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1. Introduction to Theories in Anthropology.Beck and Baudrillard visualises that functional stratification is no longer valid as inequalities are now individualized and no clear strata exists today.Dahrendorf observes that stratification originates from the closely related trinity of norms, sanction and power.He also said that it is not possible to determine the relative functional importance of various social positions in an objective manner. Melvin Tumin defines social stratification as an arrangement of any social group or society into a hierarchy of positions that are unequal with regards to power, property, social evaluation and psychic gratification.Thus, social stratification is a consequence of inevitability of differentiation of roles and approaches to Social Stratification duties. Values and rewards constituting the social differential and stratification. Iv) Reward on the basis of differential value attached with different functions. Iii) Differential evaluation of different social positions and duties. Ii) Need for differential intent and ability for different functions.
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I) Inevitability of social stratification. The functional theory of social stratification formulated by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Parsons acknowledges that there is inequality in society but this is deemed as legitimate as per values and norms. Differential conformity and differential rewards form strata in society.